There are many formats one can use to write references, such as MLA, APA, Chicago, and Harvard. Before you start writing your work, you should verify the required format with your dissertation proposal writing service. It is important to note everything corresponding to the criteria provided by your professor or your department. If you do not apply the rules given by your university, you may lose points, and your final mark may be lower. You don’t want that, do you?
When you start completing an assignment, you need to take notes of the essential data that you’ve found. Those details will be crucial in providing correct references. Moreover, such notes will allow you to find the original source of data again if necessary. Nothing is worse than doing weeks, if not months, of research only to understand that your notes are disorganized when it comes time to do the actual writing. To complete your essay correctly and without unnecessary trouble, we recommend applying the Vancouver referencing style. This uses a numerical approach, and for those who think mathematically, this citation style will suit their needs fairly well.
How to Do Vancouver References
The Vancouver citation and referencing system can be used to reference various types of media: books, articles, lectures, electronic sources, etc. Here are a few general guidelines on how to do citation with this style. Before using this style, we recommend checking with your professor or adviser to make sure it corresponds to the requirements of your institution.
In-text Citation
An in-text citation should be used when you quote a book, article, etc., to a word or when you are paraphrasing another’s data. Discover the essential rules:
- Use Arabic numerals in squares, brackets for your citations, and choose either parentheses, square brackets, or superscripts. Choose one method to use throughout your paper. Don’t alternate between all three.
- Reference numbers are generally placed after commas and to the left of colons and semicolons.
- Place the reference number to the right of a period at the end of a sentence.
- You may also include the page number along with the superscript, parentheses, or square brackets.
- If you want to cite works from multiple authors, use different reference numbers for each.
Examples:
- as Lord Wellington said, "publish and be damned."(1)
- as Lord Wellington said, "I have never seen so many bad hats in all my life."[1]
- as Lord Wellington said, "All the business of war, and indeed all the business of life, is to endeavour to find out what you don’t know by what you do; that’s what I called ‘guess what was on the other side of the hill."1
Books
For citing a book, it is recommended to follow the next instructions:
- Enter the author’s last name followed by his or her first two initials.
- Abbreviate pages in the following manner: p. 12 — 45 or p. 128 — 29.
- Abbreviate months by using only their first three letters.
Example:
- Davidov DV, In the Service of the Tsar Against Napoleon. First Edition. : Pen and Sword; 1998.
Journals and Periodicals
For citing an article from a journal or periodical, please follow these guidelines:
- For citing an article with one author, apply the same rule used for quoting a book with one author.
- If an article has more than one author, separate their names with a comma. If an article has more than six authors, write the first six names followed by ‘et al.’
- Abbreviate all journal titles.
- Write the number of the volume.
- Abbreviate pages as you would with a book.
Example:
- Smith JB, Doe JD, Johnson DC, Nelson H. How to Fish. Arch Fishing. 2004 Jul;23(2):122-9.
Newspaper Articles
Please meet the following guidelines when using an article from a newspaper:
- Do not abbreviate news article titles.
- Indicate the place of publication after the title.
- Give the beginning of the page number and the column number.
- Write the author’s name as you would with a book.
- Omit the author’s name if it is not given.
- Abbreviate months as earlier indicated.
Example:
- Smith JH. Rangers Advance to Stanley Cup Finals. New York Times. New York City. 1994 May 28: 13 (col.2). [cited 2012 Feb 10].
Lecture/Presentation
Follow these tips when citing a presentation or lecture:
- Write the speaker’s name as you would with a book.
- Indicate the title of the lecture.
- Mention when (year) and where the lecture or presentation was given.
Example:
- Smith JS. Lecture 24: Economy of the Comanche Nation
1763-1812. Lecture presented at; 2008; Southern Methodist University.
Web Page
More and more students are looking to the Internet and social media to find information for their research. Our Vancouver citation guide also defines how to cite material found online correctly. Here, we cover how to cite homepages and parts of homepages in a proper way. Keep in mind that you can also cite Twitter feeds, blogs, etc. If you have any questions about using these types of media in your bibliography, our writers can answer any questions you have. Our recommendations include the following:
- List the names of the authors as they appear on the site.
- Specify the title of the homepage.
- Insert [Internet] after the name of the site.
- Indicate the place of publication.
- Write the year the information was published.
- Mention the date you saw the information.
Examples:
- Homepage:
- Smith JS. The History of Hockey in Canada [Internet]. Toronto: NHL; 2014 October 15. Available from: place the full URL of the website here.
- Part of a Homepage:
- Water Wells in Afghanistan [Internet]. Washington DC: Alan FT; 1998. How Water Influences Political Power in Afghanistan; 1997 [Three pages]. Available from: place the full URL of the website here.
Legal Resources
If you decide to enter the legal profession, the Vancouver style of referencing also covers the citation of legal resources. Please follow these instructions for referencing legal cases and legislation.
- Legal Cases:
- Include the name and all reference information relevant to the case.
- If there is no volume or the year is a part of the title, use square brackets.
- Do not alter spelling or capitalisation.
- Use multiple references if the case appears in various reports.
Example:
- Smith v. Texas No.
10-135828 April 12, 1923 - Nelson v. City of Smithville No.
123-456 October 14, 1924
- Legislation:
- The year the law was enacted should be included in the title.
- Do not alter spelling or capitalisation.
Example:
- Defense of the Realm Act 1914 (UK)
- Homestead Act 1862 (USA)
The referencing of legal documents, legislation, and court cases vary by country. Please be sure you know how to properly cite laws and cases according to each nation or state/province’s requirements.
Government and Technical Reports
Please follow these steps for writing references for government or technical reports:
- Enter the author’s name as you would in a book, and if the report has more than one author, separate their names by a comma.
- If there is no author, write the name of the organization that authored the report.
- You may use the name of the author and the organization if both are included.
- If there are no authors and only editors, indicate their names instead.
- Write the city name where it was published, followed by the abbreviation for the state or province where it is located.
- Include page numbers.
- Insert the DOI and URL for electronic sources.
Examples:
- Print:
- Johnson AF, Feldenstein GB. Budget Report for 1932. Congressional Budget Office; 1933. 55 p. Report No.: 5
- Jorgenson HD. US Army War College. Leadership in the Burma Campaign
43-45. Carlisle, Penn: Strategic Studies Institute; 1989. 42 p. Report No.: 132433
- Electronic:
- Smith JD, Bassen BD. Utah Department of Agriculture. Water Usage by Farmers in Utah. [Internet]. Salt Lake City, UT [Cited 2013 Jan 13]. 33 p. Cat. No. PER 24. Available from: place URL here.
EduBirdie Can Help You with Vancouver References
We hope that this Vancouver citation guide will help you correctly cite the sources you use in your paper. Remember, in case you are using the information in your paper that is not yours, it must be cited for not being accused of plagiarism. If you are, this may ruin your academic career.
Do you doubt your ability to cite in the Vancouver citation style properly? EduBirdie has a staff of writers who can do it for you. We have dozens of experts who are waiting for your request. Not only can they help you with the Vancouver style, but they’re also ready to assist you with footnotes, appendices, bibliographies, APA, MLA, Chicago, MHRA referencing, Harvard, etc. No matter what you need, we have your request covered.
If there is a particular source you are looking to cite, and you did not find it in our guide, rest assured we have professional writers who know how to cite every type of source.
EduBirdie is ready to accept your request no matter where you are. We collaborate with clients from Australia to Ireland, Sydney to Miami, and the University of New South Wales to Texas Tech University. We help students everywhere and with any issue! No matter what service you need, be it a math homework or law assignment help. Just go to our homepage and speak with a customer service representative to be connected with a writer. It’s the easiest decision you’ll make in your life!
